Bioscience 58:597–607īoersma PD, Borboroglu PG, Gownaris NJ, Bost CA, Chiarada A, Ellis S, Schneider T, Seddon P, Simeone A, Trathan AN, Waller LJ, Wienecke B (2019) Applying science to pressing conservation needs for penguins. Ibis 154:30–41īoersma PD (2008) Penguins as marine sentinels. Polar Biol 36:1007–1018īaylis AM, Zuur AF, Brickle P, Pistorius PA (2012) Climate as a driver of population variability in breeding gentoo penguins Pygoscelis papua at the Falkland Islands. chrysocome) breeding at the Falkland Islands. Terres Australes et Antarctiques Françaises 41:3–21īaylis A, Wolfaardt A, Crofts S et al (2013) Increasing trend in the number of southern rockhopper penguins ( Eudyptes c. Nature 411:183–186īauer A (1967) Dénombrement des manchotières de l’archipel des Crozet et des îles Kerguelen à l’aide de photographies aériennes verticales. Proc Royal Soc Lond B 270:2111–2116īarbraud C, Weimerskirch H (2001) Emperor penguins and climate change. Antarct Sci 23:461–468īarbraud C, Weimerskirch H (2003) Climate and density shape population dynamics of a marine top predator. Royal Soc Open Sci 2:140456īarbraud C, Gavrilo M, Mizin Y, Weimerskirch H (2011) Comparison of emperor penguin declines between Pointe Géologie and Haswell Island over the past 50 years. Polar Biol 21:146–150īarbraud C, Delord K, Weimerskirch H (2015) Extreme ecological response of a seabird community to unprecedented sea ice cover. Revue des Travaux de l'Institut des Pêches Maritimes 5:53–109īarbraud C, Delord K, Micol T, Jouventin P (1999) First census of breeding seabirds between Cap Bienvenue (Terre-Adélie) and Moyes Islands (King George V Land), Antarctica: new records for Antarctic seabird populations. Ecol Monogr 74:159–178Īubert De La Rue E (1932) La pêche aux Iles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam. Antarct Sci 17:171–182Īinley DG, Ribic CA, Ballard G et al (2004) Geographic structure of Adélie penguin populations: overlap in colony-specific foraging areas. Antarct Sci 9:235–242Īinley DG, Clarke ED, Arrigo K et al (1990s) Decadal-scale changes in the climate and biota of the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, 1950s to the 1990s. The ecological reasons for these trends are poorly understood and require further investigation.Īgnew DJ (1997) The CCAMLR ecosystem monitoring programme. Overall, most penguin populations breeding in the French Southern Territories increased or were stable over the past 30–60 years, with the exception of the northern rockhopper penguin, king and gentoo penguins on Crozet and the emperor penguin. Macaroni penguins have first increased and then stabilized since the 2000s at Kerguelen and are stable at the Crozet Islands. Northern rockhopper penguins have continuously decreased in numbers at Amsterdam Island, but appear to have increased at the nearby Saint-Paul Island. The trends in eastern rockhopper penguins vary between colonies and archipelagos. Adélie penguins have been increasing in Terre Adélie/Adelie Land. Gentoo penguin populations at Crozet and Kerguelen are highly variable but stable. ![]() Emperor penguins have decreased at Terre Adélie/Adelie Land, with a partial recovery of the colony during the 2010s. King penguins increased at nearly all breeding sites within the Crozet and Kerguelen archipelagos. This monitoring started in the early 1950s and most populations have been surveyed during the past four years, allowing assessments of population trends. ![]() Seven species of penguins breeding at the French Southern Territories in the southern Indian Ocean on the Crozet, Kerguelen, Saint-Paul–Amsterdam archipelagos and in Terre Adélie/Adelie Land, Antarctica are monitored regularly. Yet, long-term population trends are lacking or are uncertain for many populations. Penguins are important top consumers in marine food webs and are one of the most threatened bird families, especially by climate change and food web alterations by marine fisheries.
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